Consuming CBD during pregnancy: advantages and risks
During pregnancy, the health of the expectant mother and the unborn child are at the heart of all concerns. Over the years, new wellness products have appeared in the daily lives of many women, including CBD (cannabidiol). Derived from hemp, this compound promises relaxation, stress management, and sometimes even pain relief. Given all these promises, it is not surprising that some expectant mothers wonder whether it would be useful, or even advisable, to use CBD during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
But between scientific advances, misconceptions, and lack of hindsight on certain effects, including cannabinoid effects, the reality is much more nuanced. Let’s take an informed and pragmatic look at the issue.
What is CBD?
CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of the main cannabinoids found in the cannabis sativa plant, alongside the much more famous THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Unlike the latter, CBD has no psychoactive effect, meaning it does not cause changes in consciousness or feelings of euphoria. Its action interests the scientific community due to its potential effects on relaxation, sleep, anxiety management, and pain.
Today, CBD is found in several forms: sublingual oils, capsules, infusions, cosmetics, and even foods, which has led to an increase in its consumption among various populations. Its popularity is such that relief and almost universal soothing are promised. But are these benefits as safe during such a particular period as pregnancy?
Why do some women consume CBD during pregnancy?
Pregnancy comes with many physical and emotional upheavals. Some women experience restless nights, body pains, or waves of anxiety. Common medications are often discouraged or limited during this period, making it tempting to turn to so-called "natural" solutions.
CBD, often presented as non-toxic and legal, logically attracts attention. Here is what some expectant mothers hope to find by consuming cannabidiol:
- Better sleep, especially during the last trimester.
- A reduction in nausea and vomiting.
- Support against anxiety or daily stress.
- Relief from certain pains (back, pelvis).
But this search for well-being faces many unresolved questions.
What does science say about consuming CBD during pregnancy?
Currently, specific studies on the use of CBD during pregnancy in humans are rare or even nonexistent. Most research has been conducted on animals or, more rarely, on cell cultures.
Results observed in animals
Tests conducted on mice and rats revealed several points:
- Exposure to high doses of CBD could affect fetal development.
- Some changes in the immune system of the mother and newborn have been observed.
- Long-term effects remain uncertain and vary according to dose, duration of exposure, and stage of pregnancy.
Comparative table of results in humans and animals:
| Subject of study | Positive effects observed | Risks or adverse effects | Quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animals (rats, mice) | Reduction of inflammation | Slowing of fetal development, immune impacts | Average |
| Human (pregnancy) | Insufficient data | No formal evidence so far | Low to very low |
Health authorities' opinion
Major health institutions, in France and elsewhere, recommend absolute caution regarding the decision to consume CBD during pregnancy. The National Agency for the Safety of Medicines (ANSM), like the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA), advise against the use of cannabis in all its forms during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Even without THC, CBD has not yet proven its complete safety for child development.
What are the real risks?
The absence of indisputable data is not synonymous with absence of risks. Several points of attention are often mentioned by specialists:
Passage of CBD through the placenta
CBD, like other cannabinoids, can cross the placental barrier. The fetus would therefore be exposed. Its brain, liver, and immune system are undergoing intense development and remain particularly vulnerable to any foreign substance.
Drug interactions: Consuming CBD during pregnancy
CBD can interact with several liver enzymes, altering the metabolism of traditional medications in the body. A pregnant woman treated for a chronic illness (asthma, diabetes, hypertension) could therefore be exposed to unexpected effects simply by combining CBD with her usual treatment.
Risk of impurities and variable product quality
Even if CBD itself posed no risk, the quality of extracts available for sale remains very uneven. Some products may contain solvent residues, heavy metals, or THC at doses higher than those allowed.
Breastfeeding: increased caution
A similar consideration should be applied to breastfeeding. CBD, being liposoluble, easily passes into breast milk and can therefore be transmitted to the infant. Again, no serious study guarantees that this is safe for a baby whose body is just learning to function independently.
Moreover, since the exact composition of market products is not always reliable, the risk of accidental exposure to THC (psychoactive) should not be overlooked.
Case studies: testimonies and realities
Many forums and support groups are full of testimonies from pregnant women who have tried CBD. Some report clear relief of their symptoms; others, no particular effect. Few mention immediate side effects. However, the absence of visible short-term problems does not predict potential impacts on the child's health years later.
Some healthcare professionals, caring but cautious, encourage prioritizing proven and recommended alternatives: relaxation, appropriate acupuncture, psychological support, adapted lifestyle, instead of any self-medication.
Natural and safe alternatives to consuming CBD during pregnancy
Many women primarily seek safety and well-being. Before considering an unguaranteed solution like CBD, several popular approaches can support maternity:
- Regular practice of relaxation and mindfulness meditation.
- Gentle adapted physical activities (prenatal yoga, swimming).
- Support from a midwife or a specialized psychologist.
- Plants or infusions traditionally recognized and validated for pregnant women (but always under medical advice).
These measures, in addition to being safe for the baby when supervised, also help to better live through this period of transformation.
Why the "natural" path is not always without danger
The idea that "natural" equals "risk-free" is widespread but deserves to be put into perspective. Cannabis, from which CBD is derived, is a powerful plant containing molecules that affect the nervous system. The fetus's system, still under development, is extremely sensitive to anything that could disrupt its balance.
Similarly, certain essential oils and other natural remedies are strictly discouraged during pregnancy. CBD, in the absence of certainty about its safety, should be placed in the same caution category.
Where does the research stand?
Clinical research is progressing, but the accumulated delay remains significant: for a long time, cannabis was simply prohibited and few quality studies were conducted. Today, trials on CBD are multiplying, but mainly concern adults suffering from specific diseases (resistant epilepsies, chronic pain). These results, even if encouraging, cannot in any case be transposed to the specific population of pregnant or breastfeeding women.
It remains essential for the scientific community to conduct dedicated research on this issue. The necessary ethical protocols are complex, especially since no one wants to unnecessarily expose future babies to a poorly understood risk.
Legal framework and practical advice
CBD is authorized for sale in France under certain conditions, notably the absence of THC above the 0.3% threshold. This regulation varies from country to country. However, this legal point should not be confused with medical validation.
In practice, most gynecologists, midwives, and experts strongly advise against taking CBD during pregnancy or breastfeeding, precisely due to the lack of reassuring evidence.
Reflexes to adopt:
- In case of health concerns during pregnancy, consult a medical professional first.
- Never undertake a CBD treatment alone, even if it comes from a pharmacy or a specialized store.
- Be wary of advertisements or testimonials praising the harmlessness of CBD for pregnant women without scientific basis.
- Favor validated solutions, even if they seem less "innovative".
A thoughtful approach, guided by concern for maternal well-being but also by caution, helps ensure a favorable environment for the baby's arrival. The temptation of CBD, although understandable, calls for increased vigilance given the unknowns that currently remain.
Add a comment