1. What is CBD?

CBD (or Cannabidiol) is a natural plant substance present in hemp (or Cannabis Sativa L), it belongs to the family of Cannabinoid molecules. Cultivated on all continents for millennia, hemp is one of the oldest wild and cultivated plants on the planet. Among the hundred cannabinoids present in hemp, THC and CBD are the two best-known molecules and also the most active on our body. Unlike THC, CBD is absolutely not psychoactive (or psychotropic), that is to say that the consumption of CBD does not generate any intoxicating or high effect, CBD is not, as such, not considered a narcotic or toxic substance.

The human body is equipped with an endocannabinoid system which regulates some of our essential biological functions such as sleep, appetite, anxiety, mood and even physical pain. Cannabidiol has the particularity of stimulating our CB1 and CB2 receptors connected to the nervous system. Consumption of CBD would allow our body to better regulate these primary biological functions. In France and Europe, we can now find CBD in a multitude of formats: Capsules, Flowers, Resins, E-liquids (or Vape), Oils, Oil spray, Pure crystals, Cosmetics (creams, balms, gels, etc.), but also drinks (fresh or infusions) or even candies (often called Gummies). There are also CBD oils and candies specially designed for pets (dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, horses). These supplements can help them fight anxiety and stress on a daily basis, improve their coat or reduce muscle pain.

2. The properties of CBD

CBD is an active molecule benefiting from many interesting properties for our metabolism. Several industries now use CBD, such as cosmetics, food and medicine. Now, all over the world, scientists and doctors are very interested in the many properties of CBD. They are indeed seeking to better understand the full therapeutic potential of the molecule. The WHO (World Health Organization) has already attributed a long list of potential properties to it. Among which, we find: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antipsychotic, Antidepressant, reduction of anxiety, Declutter, Nerve protection. (Source: WHO (2018). Report from critical review on Cannabidiol (CBD). Committee of Experts on Drug Dependence. Fortieth meeting. Geneva, June 4-7, 2018).

According to various recent scientific studies (such as the study conducted by the WHO in 2018), Cannabidiol or CBD has many promising properties for medical research (reduction of pain, reduction of anxiety, reduction of risk of cancer, improvement of mood, support of the immune system, balance of metabolism, reduction of sleep disorders, reduction of depression, prevention of arthritis or even the treatment of certain skin diseases). Many researchers and laboratories continue to explore this molecule to better understand it and exploit its properties.

3. What are the effects of CBD? Does CBD get you high?

Cannabidiol (CBD) has interacting relaxing and anti-inflammatory properties. They stimulate each other to multiply their actions on the body. CBD promotes muscle relaxation and prevents and limits possible inflammation and pain. CBD has no psychotropic effects, so it absolutely does not get you high and is not addictive. For these reasons, it is not considered narcotic, and is perfectly legal throughout the European Union.

Which CBD to choose?

4. What dosage of CBD to consume?

It depends on your needs, your feelings, your body type. We recommend following a few simple principles:

- Respect the dosages indicated on the product packaging;
- Start with moderate dosages (25 to 50 mg / day). Then gradually increase (up to 150 to 200mg / day) if you feel the need.
- If you consume CBD to be more relaxed during the day, consume in the morning and at midday.
- If it is to fight against insomnia problems, consume in the evening and before going to bed.
- Or if it is to limit chronic pain, listen first and foremost to your body, and respect the indicated dosages.
If in doubt, we invite you to seek advice from your doctor.

5. How long after taking are the effects felt?

The relaxing and relaxing effects of CBD are felt differently depending on the way you consume it. Vaping or smoking CBD will have a faster and more powerful effect than with capsules or gummies with which the CBD will be diluted in the digestive system.

Consuming CBD oil sublingually will provide effects more quickly than via the digestive system. Allow around 20 minutes for sublingual intake of CBD oil and around 60 minutes for gummies and capsules. This time limit of course varies depending on the morphology of the user, the quantity of CBD consumed and the method of consumption. Thus, corpulent individuals will feel the effects in a slightly longer time than trim or lean people.

6. How to consume CBD

There are many CBD products on the market. The administration method you choose will depend on your consumption habits of certain products and desired effects. Here is a summary of the 3 most popular ways to benefit from the benefits of CBD:

1. Inhalation

This method is the one that takes effect the fastest, because the CBD enters your blood system in a few seconds via your lungs. You will quickly feel relief and relaxation effects. Inhalation is also an excellent solution for those who want to wean themselves off THC joints by replacing them with CBD flowers. You can also consume the flowers in vaporization (without tobacco) using electronic vaporizers. Finally, fans of electronic cigarettes can use cartridges and e-liquids containing CBD.

2. Sublingual (under the tongue)

You can consume CBD by putting a few drops of CBD Oil under the tongue, letting it sit for 60 to 90 seconds before swallowing. This method allows the CBD to be absorbed through the mucous membranes with an effect felt in approximately 15 to 30 minutes. CBD oils have the advantage of being easy to dose, effective and discreet. People prone to stress or anxiety often use CBD oil because the relaxing effects are quite rapid.

3. Orally (capsules, drinks, gummies, etc.)

When you take your CBD orally, it must first pass through your digestive system before finding its way into your bloodstream, slowing its effect. You can count between 60 and 90 minutes depending on the person. It is a method which allows lasting effects throughout the day and which is very easy to consume and discreet. Athletes often favor the practical format of capsules and gummies. Because they also allow a progressive and lasting effect throughout the day. The same goes for people suffering from chronic pathologies. In addition, you can measure exactly the desired quantity of CBD.

As you will have understood, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but everyone can find what they want according to their needs and predilections.

7. Broad Spectrum and Full Spectrum

The terms Broad Spectrum and Full Spectrum represent the different cannabinoids present in CBD oil.

Broad Spectrum
So-called Broad Spectrum CBD oils are composed solely of raw CBD oil extract and contain a large number of the cannabinoids CBD, CBDa, CBG, CBN, CBC. CBD Broad Spectrum Oils contain 0% THC. The Spectrum can be expanded through the oil decarboxylation process, possible after extraction of the crude oil. Decarboxylation involves heating the raw CBD oil extract at low temperature to make it more “bioavailable”. Heating the active components present in the oil (cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids) makes them more easily absorbable by the body, the heat will also make it possible to transform certain molecules that have remained inactive into additional active components.

Full Spectrum
CBD oils known as Complete Spectrum (or Full Spectrum) are made up of all the molecules naturally present in hemp. Thus, all cannabinoid molecules, CBD but also CBDa, CBV, CBG, CBN, CBC but also terpenes and flavonoids are present in Full Spectrum oils. Full Spectrum CBD Oils allow you to benefit from all the active ingredients present in hemp and thus increase the phenomenon of entourage effect. They are available in France and the European Union with an insignificant percentage of THC (less than 0.3%).

8. Terpenes

Cannabidiol-based products are booming in France and Europe following its recent legalization. Among the multitude of products now available, the taste and flavor of the finished product is a very important criterion for consumers when making their choice. Thus, terpenes, naturally present in hemp, constitute an essential asset, because they have the particularity of reinforcing the action of cannabinoids, and developing the aromas present.

What is terpene?

Terpene is an organic compound found naturally in plants and certain insects. We owe the natural flavor and smell of fruits, herbs or flowers to the presence of these famous terpenoids. Several terpenes most often make up essential oils. The extraction and distillation of oil from a plant increases the production of terpenes.

Hemp is characterized by its high concentration of terpenes, composed of more than 200 varieties. Many plants also produce terpenes naturally. Mint, lavender, rosemary for example contain it in large quantities.

What are terpenes used for?

Some studies have demonstrated the benefits of terpenes mixed with Cannabidiol. Terpenes would optimize the effectiveness of CBD products. Their interaction with Cannabidiol would indeed present different benefits on the body. They would reinforce the actions of the active ingredients of most cannabinoid molecules. We also know that terpenes are responsible for the aroma and odor of aromatic plants and hemp.

Thus, terpenes would make it possible to identify the variety and quality of hemp, knowing that the aromas of this plant can exert an influence on its effects. If the musky flavor promotes relaxation and relaxation, for example, the action of the citrus flavor acts on the morale, while the resinous flavor focuses on the mind. The properties specific to each terpene therefore influence the action of Cannabidiol on the body. Some terpenoids are powerful anti-inflammatories, while others promote a feeling of well-being.

What are the main terpenes present in hemp?

No less than fifty terpenoids can be present in a hemp plant, but not all in the same proportions. Myrcene is the most dominant in hemp, it is renowned for its soothing and relaxing effects. This terpene gives off a more or less spicy earthy and grassy smell, close to cloves and similar to cannabis flowers. This terpene also has analgesic and antibacterial properties.

Limonene is usually found in citrus fruits. It is appreciated for its immunostimulating and antidepressant properties. This terpene, mixed with CBD, could act effectively against stress and depression. It has a positive effect on the mood of the person who consumes it. Traditional Chinese medicine has long used pinene for its therapeutic properties. Its compound stimulates memory, is a powerful antibacterial, and an effective anti-inflammatory. Its resinous taste and smell are reminiscent of conifers.

If some CBD products already contain terpenes, it is also possible to add them. It is appropriate to add 0.2mg of terpene for one gram of CBD oil. A dropper can be useful for precise dosing. For e-liquids, allow one drop of terpene per milliliter of e-liquid. Leave the mixture to rest for two days in order to obtain an ideal result. Terpenes could also relieve and reduce pain, but above all they provide aromas to your products for pleasant consumption of products composed of CBD. Choose, according to your needs and the desired effects, the terpenes according to their properties, to get maximum benefit.

Terpenes used in cooking

Terpenes can also become very useful allies in the kitchen. Indeed, these organic compounds are very interesting ingredients for cooking all types of foods. They allow you to naturally accentuate the flavors and aromas of your dishes with the greatest finesse. It is also not uncommon to integrate them into food for a tasty tasting experience. Adding terpenes to your dishes also allows you to benefit from the properties of both compounds. This helps optimize the quality of your sleep, reduce pain and limit stress, anxiety and depression. You will have understood, terpenes would be just as beneficial as CBD.

Terpenes would therefore reinforce the actions of cannabinoids from CBD on the body, while providing tasty natural tastes and aromas. You can integrate them into your favorite recipes, integrate them into your e-liquids or your oils. CBD is a natural product, but is not a medicine. In addition, be sure to respect the prescribed dosages, and consult your doctor before consumption.

9. The entourage effect

The entourage effect represents the interactions of the different cannabinoids and terpenes present in hemp.
Cannabinoids and terpenes found in hemp interact and are more effective together. Their properties are complementary and more enhanced when these molecules are together, rather than each one taken individually. It's real teamwork, hence the term "entourage effect" given to this natural process.
Thus, the effects of a broad spectrum or broad spectrum CBD oil complete (Full Spectrum) are more effective than those of raw CBD oil. This is why most French and European manufacturers offer CBD oils composed of whole plant extracts in order to benefit from all the cannabinoids and terpenes present in the plant.
Another example of the entourage effect, CBD, which has anti-psychoactive properties, significantly reduces the psychotropic effects of another well-known cannabinoid, THC.

10. Legislation for consuming CBD in France

Common legislation across the EU

The production, import and marketing of hemp are authorized in France and throughout the European Union. France is one of the leading hemp producing and exporting countries in the world. CBD has no psychotropic effect and, unlike THC, is not considered narcotic. The Interministerial Mission to Combat Drugs and Addictive Behaviors (Mildeca) drafted a decree in December 2018 which stipulates the following prohibitions:

- "can only be marketed in France under the following cumulative conditions: the varieties of hemp cultivated must appear on the exhaustive list included in article 2 of the decree of August 22, 1990"
- "the cannabis plant must have a THC content less than 0.3% only its seeds and fibers can be used".
- "the finished product (oils, creams, biscuits, etc.) must not contain any trace of THC, whatever the level."

Jurisprudence in France

During 2018, many CBD enthusiasts decided to open “CBD shops” and had to close administratively. The Pot Companie was even sued that year. The young entrepreneur was prosecuted for drug trafficking. However, he was acquitted because his lawyer Gilles BOIN relied on current European legislation: “products based on hemp sativa L containing less than 0.3% THC (the psychotropic substance of cannabis) are authorized in Europe.”

Since this complicated period for entrepreneurs, no company has been criminally prosecuted. The opinion of the European Commission on CBD: "As part of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, hemp is regulated by European law". Which means that European law prevails over French law in terms of agricultural policy. “European legislation authorizes the cultivation, import, export and industrial and commercial use of Cannabis Sativa L varieties.” The European catalog lists the authorized varieties of hemp.

Consumption of CBD

The only condition for the marketing or use of hemp is that it must not have a THC level greater than 0.3%. Additionally, no restrictions have been given as to which parts of the hemp plant must be used. This authorization is clearly transcribed into French law in the decree of August 22, 1990. The European Court of Justice ruled illegal the ban on the marketing of CBD in France in an article of November 19, 2020, referring to the following postulate : CBD is not considered a narcotic.